Private keys

Leaked private keys can have catastrophic consequences, allowing the threat actors to access private systems and launch targeted attacks.

Supply Chain Access Risks:

The SolarWinds incident (2020) demonstrated how leaked private keys can enable attackers to sign malicious software updates that appear legitimate. The attackers compromised SolarWinds' build system and inserted a backdoor into Orion software updates, affecting thousands of organizations, including government agencies. When private keys used for code signing are leaked, attackers can:

• Sign malicious packages that appear legitimate
• Distribute compromised updates through official channels
• Bypass security controls that trust signed code
• Maintain persistent access across the software supply chain

VPN Compromise Risks

The Pulse Secure VPN incident (2021) highlighted how leaked private keys can lead to widespread VPN infrastructure compromise. Attackers exploited leaked keys to:

• Decrypt captured VPN traffic
• Establish unauthorized VPN connections
• Access internal corporate networks
• Move laterally within compromised organizations

The Fortinet FortiOS SSL-VPN case (2019), where leaked private keys were exposed publicly, demonstrated how attackers could:

• Conduct man-in-the-middle attacks against VPN connections
• Impersonate legitimate VPN servers
• Harvest credentials and sensitive data
• Maintain long-term unauthorized access

Long-term Impact:

Even after key rotation, compromised systems may remain vulnerable if backdoors are established. Attackers can persist in networks for months or years before detection. Organizations may need to completely rebuild affected infrastructure. Reputational damage and loss of customer trust can be severe<.