The dot env problem (.env)

The .env file poses a significant security risk in DevOps environments for several reasons:

1. Plain Text Storage of Sensitive Information: .env files often store passwords, API keys, and other sensitive data in an unencrypted format. If such a file falls into the wrong hands, attackers gain easy access to critical system resources.
2. Easy Access and Exploitation: Attackers actively seek unsecured .env files in production environments because they aggregate credentials for various cloud services. Automated scanning tools facilitate the discovery of these files.
3. Risk of Data Leaks: Human errors, such as committing the .env file to a version control repository (despite recommendations to add it to .gitignore) or leaving it in the production environment, can lead to unintentional exposure of sensitive data.
4. False Sense of Security: The mere existence of a .env file can lead developers to mistakenly believe their data is secure. The fact that the file is hidden in the operating system context does not constitute real security.
5. Widespread Adoption and Misuse: Analysis of real-world usage of .env files has shown that they are often used as universal configuration files, increasing the risk of storing sensitive information.
6. Targeted Attacks: Honeypots (systems set up to detect attacks) record an increased number of attempts to access .env files, demonstrating attackers' active interest in exploiting these vulnerabilities.
7. Inspiration for Attackers: Even though the TeamTNT group, which focused on credential theft, has ceased operations, its practices have inspired other attackers who target .env files

Reference: Real World Threats Hidden in the DevOps Minefield